I
A ~oted Chineme .5Yate~man.
A noted Chi~sse statesman recently
beheaded by order of the dowager em-
pre~ because of ,his too liberal views
was well known in diplomatic circles.
at Washington, as he had served as
minister from his country to the
United States from 1886 to the latter
of 1889. He was Chang Yen
Hoon. His death occurred last July,
but the outside world became aware
of the fact only a few days since.
Chang was an able diplomat and
well thought of in official circles. He
was a pronounced antiquarian, and
while in this country made m~ny vis-
its to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
in New York, ~here he could study
its rare collection of priceless antiqui-
ties. Especially on the specimens
from his native land was he an au-
thority, and his information in con-
nectlon with them was of great aid
to the antiquarians of the United
~Lates. A memento of his visit re
this country is to he found at the
(
CHANG YEN HOON.
-Mstropolit~n Museum of Art. It eon-
gi~' of a hammered bronze vase of
the Han dynasty, and is over 2.000
years old. This was presented in 1897
while he was returning home from
Queen Vlctoria's jubilee."
Opera ..~nger A rre~rfed.
Another American woman has been
:~u~ted to the ignominy of arrest
-and detention by the infamous Brigade
des Moeurs" as that
particular division
/~s~ of the Parisian po-
~/ lice are designated,
~'ffi" which is intrusted
~':r~ with the duty of
' ~'~,~. putting into exe-
~g~ ~//Jil, cutiou the laws
~~~,,~,~ dealing with the
'/j~j women c>f the half
~I~ world. The most
~1~~ recent victim of
"~-" the Brigade des
~'~ Moeurs is May
r~ll~. Garllck of Balti-
t ore wl,e of the
w
"-'~,~-') Marquis de Feo.
May Oarllck. She is now serious-
]y ill from the ef-
fects of the brutal
and vile treatment to which she was
~t~bJected by the police, who, insist-
ing that she was a notorious charac-
ter, arrested her and kept her for sev-
eral hours in prison until she was
identified. Then she was released with
the usual apologies. May Garlick,
prior to her unfortunate marriage,
~as one of the leading singers of the
Castle Square Opera company at the
=American theater in New York. Her
husband, ~ho Is an Italian. deserted
her after shamefully maltreating her,
leaving her without means. Whereupon
abe returned to the operatic stage,
making her European debut at Monte
earle.
Dr. Edward A. Ross, who has been
at the head of the department of
economics and sociology in Stanford
university since 1898, has ~ust been
elected an associate member of the In-
stitute International de Sociologle at
Paris, There are only five other mem-
bers of this society in the United
States.
~im.t ~$abb~ Jo~,
'Daughter of Gee. Dan W. Jones, Who
Wlll Christen the Monitor Arkansas
i at Newport News,-Va.. Nov. 10.
Gen. Fro~ ~'¢~x#~ Atffi, a~.
General D. M Frost. one of the
most distin,guished citizens of St.
Louis. died suddenly at his home in
that city last week.
His death was very ~
sudden, for, al-
though the general
was 77 years old,
he had been re-
markably healthy
and had not com-
plained of any ill-
ness.
Gem Frost was
a native of New~
York and a gradu-~en' D. M, Fro~L
ate of West Point in the class of 1844.
He had fought with distinction in the
Mexican war, and the outbreak of the
civil war found"him In St. Louis a
prosperous lumber merchant. He took
sides with the confederacy and for
two years served in that caAme. The
principal incident in his civil wa~ ca-
reer was his defense of Camp Jackson
in this city and his surrender in May,
1861, to the federal troops under Gen-
eral Lyon. The state militia had been
called together for their annual drill
and were encamped under Frost on
the outskirts of the town. Before
they could find an ~pportunlty active-
ly to express their sympathies with
the south they were captured by the
home guards and the Missouri volun-
teers. After the close of the war
General Frost returned to St. Louis
and settled on his farm near the city.
One of his sons. R. Graham Frost,
who died several months ago, repre-
sented a Missouri district In congress.
l~nevo Llncoin o~ a ~o3/.
There was held near Gale~burg, Ill.,
recently, a celebration in honor of the
ninety-first anniversary of the birth
of Joh'n T. Barnett, or Squire Barnett.
as he is generally known. It took
place at the log home west of Ga~es-
burg, and many descendants from
Knox and Warren counties were pres-
ent.
A peculiar interest attaches to the
llfe of Mr. Barnett. for he was one of
the young men friends of Abraham
Lincoln. who was a few months his
senior.
The squire says that Lincoln and he
were often together, and that,although
he thought much of Lincoln, he never
voted for him but once, and that was
when he ran for the legislature against
Peter Cartwrlght. He recalls many
pleasant incidents. W,hen he first be-
came acquainted with Lincoln the I~"
5
i
JOHN L~ BARNETT.
ter was engaged.with William Berry,
son of John Berry, in running a gro-
cery.
~o~er~ A~ree on C~ma.
The agreement between Great Brit-
ain and Germany. on a common Chi-
nese policy is accepted by the United
States and Russia as a pledge rather
than as a guide to their own action.
In responding our government simply
assents to principles which it was the
first to formulate, namely, the prin-
ciple of the open door and the prin-
ciple of the preservation of Chinese
territorial and administrative entity.
Under the circumstances an assump-
tion of leadership on the part of the
two contracting powers would be
absurd, and we have only to reaffirm
our own views without giving prom-
ises.
~Rece,~Jed ~25o000 ~Per ../'on~,
Two years ago Mme. Alva, a singer
famous in Austra-
lia, volunteered to
sing one evening
at Bendigo before
some nuns who
were about to go
into retreat. She
is now Informed
that a wealthy Au-
stralian, in recog-
nltion of her kind- ,_
hess, "as well as Mine. Alva.
of her magnificent
endowment as a vocalist." has left her
$175,000, which is at the rate of $25,-
000 for each of the seven songs she
rendered. Mine. Alva is a Protestant.
lllinoi.r a~d Texa.¢,
The state of Illinois has 995,199 m~r~
inhabitants than It had in 1890. Its
numerical gain is exceeded by NeW
York and Pennsylvania alone, and is
barely exceeded by the Iatter state.
The percentage of gain, beings 26 per
eent~ is equaled by t~at of ~o other
large state, with the exceptiOn of T~g-
as. The Increase in populetion in X1]i-
nois between ~880 mu~ 189@ ~ 74~-
480, 4~Hng a little ~ t~m, 25 per
e~t.
IRINLE OF PLANTS.
THE PALM IS A HOLY TREE TO
MANY RACES;
Dsie-Palm of OmSes ~ives Refr~sh|ng
Shade. Fruits 11rid Milk--Has ~o11 the
Affection of the NItlve~ and Ad~
tlon of T~velers.
The palm is a holy tree to many
races. To the Mohammedans the
date-palm is~sacred as the fruit which
Adam was permitted to bring with
him out of Eden; by.the Christian all
palms are revered~as having furnished
the leaves which were strewn in the
path of "the Messiah. The date-palm,
well known as the "Prince of Palms,"
is regarded as the prince of all plants.
A single stem. straight and slender,
rises to a height of sixty, or even sev-
enty-five feet, perfectly bare, unbroken
by a single branch or leaf. At the top
only an immense plume of feathery
leaves, growing in a bunch, forms, so
to speak, the capital of the vegetable
column. This tuft may be from nine
to twelve feet long, and at the base
of its long leaves appear the fruits of
the palm tree. Origlnally a native of
Arabia and Northern Africa, the date-
palm is pre-eminently the tree of the
desert, where It grows in nearly every
o~sis, and by its refreshing shade, its
fruits, its milk, and its general use-
fulness, has won the affection of the
natives and the admiration of all trav-
eler~. The date is indeed the true
friend of the desert; there alone it
ripens tts fruit, and without it the Sa-
,., [ .,
ma~n--to convey an idea of the
tlons which it thrives. Tl~
use a bold but expresstva figure: *'Tke
king of the oasis,:' they say, "must
plunge his feet in the water and his
head in the fire of heaven." ~ e~n
endure dry and short cold as low as
15 degrees above zero, and a heat of
122 degrees. The radiating sand of
the desert cools off more readily than
the air, and preserves at a certain
depth a degree of freshness which in.
vigorates the roots of the tree~. Rain
is rare in the Sahara; it falls only in
winter, and woos the withered plants
to a new life. Sometimes it rains in
torrents, but these gusts are of short
duration. At Fongourt and Gnarls
whole years pass without a drop of
rain. Hence the very natural admira-
tion and affection which is evinced by
the Arab for this tree. with its sweet
fruits, which grows in the sand, fed
by brackish waters, that would be
fatal to almost all other plants--which
remains flourishing and green when
all around is burnt up by the fierce
rays of the pitiless ~un~which resists
the winds that may bend its pliant
plume to the ground, but cannot break
its strong stem, composed of inter-
laced fibers, nor tear it from the son.
to which it clings by a thousand roots
which strike deep and defy the tem-
pest. It has well been said that a
single tree has peopled the desert, and
upon it alone is based a civilization,
rudimentary, compared to our own
but far advanced beyond the merely
natural state. Its fruits are in de-
mand tkroughout .the whole world.
sufficient to procure all necessary Im-
ports, and not only make the Arabs
independent but affluent. The tufts
hara would be uninhabitable. Arabic of palm-trees form a kind of vast par-
poetry loves to praise it as a living asol, under which the air can circu-
being created by God on the sixth day late, but the sun is unable to pierce
of creation--at the same time with the dense c~nopy Of leaves.
The main difficulty In training a war I face them unflinchingly. The second
horse is to accustom the animal tel test is much more severe, The horses
the thunder of firearms. A horse that
can be quickly trained to the roar of
cannon and musketry is an acquisition
which instructors know how to appre-
ciate. You hear people talk glibly
enough nowadays of supplying our
troops in the east with plenty of re-
mounts, and it's quite evident from
the remarks they make that they Im-
agine they need only to lasso a few
thousand wild horses in Texas, ship
them off to Manila and~voilal our
~oldiers are remounted! Although
most horse~ can be quickly trained to
face the most wltherlng fire, many are
very difficult to convince that a tre-
mendous noise is not pecemarlly a
"signal of danger, while some never can
be taught to ignore the rattle of mus-
ketry. Your correspondent has had
the pleasure of visiting the farm of a
trainer of-war horses, situated in the
wilds of Texas. In a field adjoining
the stables I found, ranged In a circle
ready for instruction,some three dozen
'fine horses, In'chlding a few splendid
chestnuts. The instructor stood in
the center of the circle (with the
horses facing him), gave the signal to
the attendants to be In readiness and
fired three chambers of a revolver in
rapid succession. Instantly there was
a great commotion. Most of the horses
reared and plunged, and its was only
with the greatest difficulty that some
of them were prevented from breaking
away and racing madly about the field.
A few, On the other hand, did nothing
more than prick up their ears and toss
their heads, and these were promptly
taken away for test. The more rest-
ive ones of course were subjected to
the revolver shots until they could
are galloped up to a supposed company
of infantry, who fire simultaneously
as soon as the animals have got prop-
erly into swing. The first volley usu-
ally plays havoc with the formation
of the advancing cavalry, and some
of the horses rear so wildly that then
riders have considerable difficulty in
keeping their saddles. In a few mo-
ments, however, the charge ia con-:
tinued, a~other volley fired--this time,
of course, at closer range--and the
formation is once more deranged. This
maneuver is contiuued until, familiar-
ity having bred contempt, the horses
advance as readily in the-face of mus-
ketry (both volleys and "straggling"
fire) as wko~ faced by nothing at an,
They are then taught in p~ely the
same way to disregard the boom of
cannon. Once properly trained, a
horse faces the d~ly fire of an enemy
on the field of battle with an absolute
fearlessness of which man. be he ms
brave as a llon, is incapable. This,
however, is only natural. The horn
has been taught to believe the din of
battle to be quite mean/hales and
without result. When In.actual wax,
fare, he sees horses and men around
him shattered and lifeless, there is
nothing to suggest to him that that
same din of battle and death are in
any way connected, and the reports
of firearms, consequently,for him have
no terrors whatever. The whistling
of bullets and the screaming of shells
~unknown, of course, at the maneuv-
ers at home--while insignificant de-
tails to the horse, are sadly full of
meaning to the man, and often enough
do our so4dlers envy the Ignorance of
the horse~the "ignorance which is
bliss."
A writer in Le Monde Illustre de-
scribes the unique industry recently es-
tablished in Tananarive, Madagascar,
of making silk products from the
thread of the "Halab~" spiders of that
island~ He does not expect that the
output will ever be, very great, owing
tO the difficulty of getting a sufficient
supply of spiders. This animal is quite
difficult to reproduce, since the female,
which alone yields the thread, is so fe-
rocious and ravenous that the male
cannot approach .her except with the
greatest precaution, and not until
after he has assured ~lmself of her
feelings; for, in most cases, she kills
and eats him. So these insects multi-
ply only in certain favored places,
such as the extensive woods of mango
trees of the royal garden in the vi-
cinity of Tananarive, where they do
not devour one another, since they are'
there a~ured of an abundance of food.
The writer thus describes the opera-
tion of taking the thread of the epl6er:
"During the course of my visit, I had
an opportunity of seeing the operation
of reeling the silk from the spider per-
formed under my eyes, and was ena-
tded to photograph the different phases
of this very curious process. In the
first place, the spiders are brought
from the country in light baskets by
Maiagash women on the very day upon
which the silk is to be reeled. It is
important, in fact, that they shall be
left shut up together for but a short
time, since they have an unfortunate
habit of devouring one another, and
the risk would be run of eventually
finding nothing but a single survivor!
• hs oger~tor then proceeds as in reel-
in@ Silk, that is to say, he unites sev-
eral~ threads and twists them ~t the
same time that they are reeled, so as
to produce a thread of the deelre~
else."
G|obe-Trotteru Be~t The~ Wa~y.~
Fr~nz Skla and Karl Oretech, young
Austrians, arrived in New York the
other day on the Kaiser Friedrich, and
are busily en,ga~ed in beating their
way around the earth. They have a
wager of $20.000 with Chevalier de
Kamaroff, a Russian nobleman. These
men are 23 years old each. and are ex-
pert electricians. Their chief stock in
trade Is an ~bllity to do tricks on a
wheel. They fared pretty well in E'u.
rope. and had 230 marks on leaving
Hamburg on Sept. 12. This, a~ordlng
to contract, they had to give to som~
charitable Institution, so the Red Cross
society was made the beneficiary.
Three years t~ the space of time In
which the tour must be comple¢~d.
Every capital of every country in the
world must be visited and the travel.
ere must land in Vienna without a
cent. They worked their way across
the Atlantic as pantry stewards an~
expect to do the same on the Pacific.-
New York Letter Chicago Tribune.
]Dllmp~t~ ]LoemUt~F M~de Attawetlve.
Through the influence of the women
who took up the matter of planting
and eultiwating trees on College Hill
Cincinnati, a dilapidated locality has
become attractive, and property in that
section has advanced 25 per cent in
valse in two or three year&
Before the next ttmrlst season opens
the Swiss railway from Spis~ to FoUU.
pn will be co.isled.
THli OLD DAGUERREOTYPE~.
Up in the attic I found them, locked in
the cedar chest.
Where. the flowered gowns lie folded,
which once were brave as the beet;
And. like the queer- old jackets and the
wMetcoat Say with stripes,
They tell of a worn-out fashion--these old
dag'uerrotypes.
Quaint little folding c~mee fastened with
tiny hook,
Seemingly made to tempt one to lift up
the latch an~i look.
Llnln~ of purple velvet, odd little frames
of gold,
Circling the faded f~e brought from the
days of old.
~randp~ and grandma, taken ever so
long a~o,
Grandma's bonnet a marvel, grandpa's
collar a show;
Mother, a tiny toddler, with rings on her
baby hands
Palnted--lest none should notlce--in gllt-
tering, gilded bands.
Aunts and uncles and cousins, a starchy
and stiff array,
Lovers and brides, then blooming, bui
now so wrinkled s.nd K~Y.
Out through the misty glasses they gaze
at me. slttdn~ here
Opening the qua/nt old ca~ee with a smile
that is half a tear.
I will smile no more little pictures, for
heartless it wrest' in truth,
To drag to the cruel daylight these ghosts
of a vanished youth.
Go back to your cedar chamber, your
gowns and your la~er,
And dream, 'mid their bygone graces, of
the wonderful days that were.
--Joe Lincoln. in Saturday Evening Post.
I
A Sensible Woman. {
A party of married men were talk-
ing about their wives, and it is worthy
of note that every man was glad he
had a wife and was anxious to tell of
her good points, relates Win. J. Lump-
ton, in the September "New Lippln-
cott."
"I never heard my wife swear bull
once," said one of them when thereI
seemed to be a lull In the praise meet-I
ing. l
All the others looked shocked. If{
any of them had ever heard their wives ]
swear, they were not telling It, and"
they resented the frankness of the one
man who was apparently betraying
family secrets. But the man did not
regard the bad impression he had
created.
"And that," he continued In the
same tone: "was away back yonder,
thirty years or more ago, when the
oil excitement in Pennsylvania agi-
tated the who~.~ country. I owned a
farm priced at a thousand dollar~ not
because it was worth that much, but
because it was all I could get of a debt.
My business was very sm~tll then, and
a thousand dollars represented the
bulk of my capital. I had been mar-
tied five years, and my wife was the
very best investment I had ever made.
One day I received word that o41 had
been struck on the farm adjoining
mine, and right away I proceeded t5 go
crazy, Just as everybody else did when
oil showed up anywhere in tt~e neigh-
borhood. My wife showed signs, tOO,
but she kept her wits about her,
In-
side of a week I beg~ to get offers
for my farm, and | got crazier every
time there came an ~er higher than
the one before It. It went up like a
balloon at first, until the figures got
away up, and then the smaller bidders
dropped out. At last an offer of a
hundred thousand came from the rep-
resentative Of a .~o~pany that 1 knew
was worth two or three millions.
."Let It go, Johfl/' Uid my wife
when I told her of this offer.
"'I guess not,' said !; 'if it's worth
a hundred thousand to them. it's worth
a hundred thousand to me.'
"' 'I tell you to let It go.' said my wl£e
as firm as a post in the ground.
" 'Not much,' said I Tit get two hun-
dred thousand."
"She pulled down her apron with a
Jerk, a peculiarity of hers when she
meant htminess.
" 'You're getting a hundred times
more for it than you gave,' asld she
'and you never expected to make s
hundred thousand dollars in
years, and you know it.'
"'But I'll make a good deal more
than that now,' I insisted, and started
hack to my desk to write a letter de-
clining the offer.
"She pulled down her apron with a
Jerk that made the strin~ crack.
"'John Martin,' said she, 'd6n't be
a d~ foull'
"And I wasn't," concluded the nar-
rator, "for I accepted the hundred-
thOUSand dollar, and it was ninety
thousand more than the company ever
got off the farm, for the oil didn't seem
to run that way."
]Siscip~.
Chicken FTRters--C~t cold chicken
into small pieces, Vut into a large dish
and season with salt, pepper and lemon
Juice. Let stand one hour. Make a
batter of two eggs, one pint of milk, a
little salt and sufficient flour. I!
should not be too stiff. Stir the chiCk-
en into this and fry brown, by drop-
ping it ,by spoonfuls into .boiling fat.
Drain and serve hot.
Stunted Oysters--~tuffed oysters are
something of a novelty and require
delicacy and care in preparation. Put
the grated yolks of four hard-boiled
eggs into a basin and mix in half the
quantRy of minced bacon or salt fat
pork, add a teaspoonful of chopped
parsley and make them all in¢o a
paste hy adding the uncooked yolk of
dne egg. Split open three dozen oys-
ters, stuff them with this mixture. PUt
ther~ in large oyster shells, coat them
over with bread crumbs. PUt a
warmed butter on top, and place them
in the oven and hake until done.
on a fiat dish. garnish with pieces ot
fried hread and serve.
Turnip Soup (]~rown)~Put a knuc-
kle of heel into a quart of
cook Slowly for three hours. Remove
the bone and skim off all grease from
th~ broth. Slice into the broth four or
five small turnips and an onion.* Boil
until the vegstab'es are tender. Brown
four level tablespoonfuls of sifted flour
to a rlah color. Stir dry into the soup.
~k~lon and allow soup to boll.up
RUSSIA OF TODAY.
T~o Deoresstng Poverty of the ]gusshs~
People,
Poverty and illiteracy naturally go{
hand in hand. In no other great~
country of the world is poverty--unl~
cereal, monotonous, hopeless poverty~
--the national characteristic of the~
people. The only parallels I know are~
in some of the ~aikan states. At al-
most any point in rural Russia yott,
might think yourself in the interior eft
Servia or Bulgaria, except that even lm
these countries the poor peasant la~
not quite so poor, and his bearing l~
more independent. Long train Jour-
neys in Russia are depreseing experi-i
ences, Once past the limits of the
towns, every village is the same--~
wide street or two--not really strest~
of course, but deep dust or mud, ac-~
cording to the season, and from
score to a couple of hundred gray. on~
story "wooden houses, usually dilapi-
dated, and a church. Russia is still
first and foremost sn agricultural
country; she produces including (~o,
land) two thousand million bushels ot~
grain, and grain products form mor~
than half her total exports to Europe;
therefore, at the right season, ther~
are great stretches of waving fields
and later, the huge mounds of straw~
whence the grain has been threshed.
But it is in her most fertile dlstrict~
that the worst famlnce occur, for fa-
mlne--a little one every year. a big
one every seven years~has now be-
come a regular occurrence. And the
country, as one flies across it, leaven
the general impression of indigence.
In sharp and painful contrast witix
western Europe, there are virtually no
fat stackyards, no cosey farm house.
na chateau of the local lands owner, nc~
squlre's hall~pltiful assemblages of
men and women :Just on the hither side
of the starvation flue. And, from all
one learns, disease is rife. Whole vil-
lages, I was told by men who knew
them well. are poisoned with syphllls,
and the authorities, gravely alarmed~
at this terrible state of things, Imvo~
appointed of late, several commis-
sions of inquiry to devise remedial~
measures. Drunkenness, too, is a na-
tional vice, the peasant having hl~
regular bout whenever he has save~l
up a small sum.--From "Rusela of:
Today," by Henry Norman in the Oc-
tober Scribner's.
FAMILY OF DESTINY.
Visitors to Corale~ Go to Bee Napok~m's '
Blrthphtee,
Visitors to Corsica always go to s~
the house where Napoleon was born.
A sojourn in this Napoleonic mansion:
sets the imagination working when;
o~te remembers the children that were~
~ern therein. There was Joseph, the~
eldest son; Napoleon, the second: Lu-
eien, I~ouls, Jerome, Caroline, Ellse.
Pauline:--all the children of an oh-I
notary, and in the course oftimel
(and not so long, either) they w~re~
crown torn from the heads q~ ~i~,;t
wore them defiantly, toot l~ th# |iJht!
of the whole world, aunt caused thee
I~e~ves
to be embraced as brother Ivf
'~inperors and kings, and ~t nationsi
fell at their feet and @.llver~ tht~~,
land and people to a band of (~oraican~
.adventurers. Napoleon, as emperor oft
Francs; Joseph, king of Spain; Louts.
l~ing of Holland; Jerome, king: of{
Westphalia; Pauline and Elise, Prln-'
ceases of Italy; Caroline, queen of!
Naples~all of these remarkable peo-
ple were born and educated in thl~
modest house up a back street b~ a,
woman unknown to fame. Letifl~
Ramolino, who at the age of fourteen,
married a man equally obscure. There.
is scarcely a tale in the famed "Ara-;
bian Nights" that sounds more labia-*
lous. There is plenty of food for re-
flection in a visit to the C~a Buena-:
parts,
A Happy Old Aue In Burn~th. {
When Burman parents are past ~;
prime their children pray them tO~
h
"nobosat," which means that t ey.
should be at the children's charge for
the remainder of their liven, as the~
children had first been at thetr~
parental The turning point lS not~
rharked by any formality, but a chiC',
approaching parents on a solemn oc-
casion adopts the gestures of venera-
tion. The aged are not idle; they pre-
serve a great elasticity of ~zMnd and~
interest in things; they study their re-:
ligious book and occupy themselves
with their grandchildren. When thelr~
are too old to go on pllgrimage~ With'
the others they keep the house and tell~
beads alone. The old peoplw
plainer clothes than the young~
and, a~cording to old Burmese fashton,l
leas of it, The human .dignity of the~
aged Is of a kind that apparel can not
add to. Steeped in the spirit of Budd-~
hism the aged never yield to anK~r.~
Wanting neither for necessities nmr~
honor, the pathos of their serene o|d|
age is purely that of years. A peace-:
tttl end is their lot.~Ferrar's Book on~
the Chinese.
The '*P~test~t Pope."
Pope Clement XIV. has been eall~!
'the "Protestant PoPe," because he i~
sued a bull in 1773 ~uppressing the or-
der of Jesuits. This society was es-,
ts, blished by Ignatius de Loyalo in 1~7i
to establish the power of the Pope.:
Protestants, kings and national biSh-
ops were to be regarded as enemtee,
and it became the meet influential ~-
¢lety in the church. In 1656, when th~
Jesuits were in the height of the/r
power, PaScal published a book agalns~
them, and from that time their influ-
ence declined, untU France, Portul~l,
Spain and other countries of Europe
demanded that the Pope abolish
order, which was afterward restored bF
Plus VII., in 1815.
The man with the hoe is ~nt/th~J
